Notes about Cutting-Edge Technologies and Everything

Innovation has always been part of the Amazon DNA, but about 20 years ago, we went through a radical transformation with the goal of making our iterative process—"invent, launch, reinvent, relaunch, start over, rinse, repeat, again and again"—even faster. The changes we made affected both how we built applications and how we organized our company. Back then, we had only a small fraction of the number of customers that Amazon serves today. Still, we knew that if we wanted to expand the products and services we offered, we had to change the way we approached application architecture. The giant, monolithic "bookstore" application and giant database that we used to power Amazon.com limited our speed and agility. Whenever we wanted to add a new feature or product for our customers, like video streaming, we had to edit and rewrite vast amounts of code on an application that we'd designed specifically for our first product—the bookstore. This was a long, unwieldy p...

Many organizations deploy Alluxio together with Spark for performance gains and data manageability benefits. Qunar recently deployed Alluxio in production, and their Spark streaming jobs sped up by 15x on average and up to 300x during peak times. They noticed that some Spark jobs would slow down or would not finish, but with Alluxio, those jobs could finish quickly. In this blog post, we investigate how Alluxio helps Spark be more effective. Alluxio increases performance of Spark jobs, helps Spark jobs perform more predictably, and enables multiple Spark jobs to share the same data from memory. Previously, we investigated how Alluxio is used for Spark RDDs. In this article, we investigate how to effectively use Spark DataFrames with Alluxio. Alluxio and Spark Cache Storing Spark DataFrames in Alluxio memory is very simple, and only requires saving the DataFrame as a file to Alluxio. This is very simple with the Spark DataFrame write API. DataFrames are commonly written as parquet fi...

Moving your app or web services to the cloud is more of a must than an option these days. The cloud infrastructure we have today is not only more capable and more stable, but also more scalable. By moving to the cloud, you gain a lot of benefits while also significantly reducing operational stress and costs. A more popular option now is to move to a container-based cloud environment, with Kubernetes being the most popular method to do so — and the most scalable in the long run. There are three approaches you can take and certain best practices to follow, which we are going to look into in this article. Why Kubernetes? Before we get to the best practices and methods you can use to migrate to Kubernetes, it is worth taking the time to understand why the container-based environment provided by Kubernetes is the way to go. For starters, Kubernetes offers the most flexibility when it comes to setting up your cloud environment. Kubernetes has two major parts: the master cluster and no...

Kubernetes is really cool because managing services as flocks of little containers is a really cool way to make computing happen. We can get away from the idea that the computer will run the program and get into the idea that a service happens because a lot of little computing just happens. This idea is crucial to making reliable services that don’t require a ton of heroism to stand up or keep running. But there is a dark side here. Containers want to be agile because that is the point of containers in the first place. We want containers because we want to make computing more like a gas made up of indistinguishable atoms instead of like a few billiard balls with colors and numbers on their sides. Stopping or restarting containers should be cheap so we can push flocks of containers around easily and upgrade processes incrementally. If ever a container becomes heavy enough that we start thinking about that specific container, the whole metaphor kind of dissolves. So that metap...